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Energy Output by kWh

A compact way to show how energy, computation, and productive output compound.

Output per 1 kWh by technology era

Equivalent human labor-hours produced from one unit of energy, shown as a log-scale line by year.

Output per kWh
0.111K1M1B1T10T 18501900195020002025 Year Equivalent human labor-hours per kWh Output per kWh: Year 2025, Equivalent human labor-hours per kWh 8.6T Output per kWh: Year 1850, Equivalent human labor-hours per kWh 0.3Output per kWh: Year 1900, Equivalent human labor-hours per kWh 1.5Output per kWh: Year 1970, Equivalent human labor-hours per kWh 8.6KOutput per kWh: Year 2025, Equivalent human labor-hours per kWh 8.6T

Log scale is required because the four points span from fractional physical labor-hours to trillions of equivalent computational labor-hours.

Data: energy-transformation.csv

Description

This module isolates the per-kWh transformation chart as a power-and-productivity argument.

Methodology

One kWh of input is compared across technology eras using equivalent human labor-hours as a common output unit.

Data

All chart files for this module are local to this research folder.

Sources

Limitations

Equivalent labor-hours are directional and stylized. Log scale is required because values differ by orders of magnitude.